ResourceInformation Integrity

Information Disorder: Toward an Interdisciplinary Framework

A foundational report defining misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation.

ElectionsTechUpdated March 1, 2025
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Overview

This report introduced the widely cited information disorder framework, distinguishing misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation by intent and truthfulness.

Why it's useful

  • A shared vocabulary for discussing the information environment
  • Conceptual clarity that shapes investigative scope
  • A reference for definitions used across this site

How to use it

Pair it with the information integrity learning topic to ground your terminology before investigating campaigns.

#disinformation#information-integrity#research